International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Men, Dinh Thi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5425

ABSTRACT: This study aims to study English teachers' perceptions of classroom management necessary skills at a high school in Quang Ninh. An exploratory research design was applied in this study. Eight English teachers were purposively chosen to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect necessary data about the teachers' perceptions of classroom management skills and the use of those skills in managing their English classes. The informal interview was then conducted to obtain in-depth information about teachers' perceptions and reasons for what they did in the class. The collected data was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively and presented in tables and translation scripts. Results of the study revealed that English teachers at a high school in Quang Ninh province have a positive perception of their roles in managing the learning process of their students. They all played 8 dominant roles in managing their class. (Controller, Organizer, Assessor, Prompter, Participant, Resource, Tutor, and Observer). In addition, in order to play the roles through classroom activities more effectively, besides having a deep understanding of the teacher's roles, the ways of acting their roles, and knowing how to apply them appropriately

Keyword: classroom management, English teachers, high school, perception, teacher's roles

Diah Lestari 1*, Salbiah 2, Retno Martini 3, and Tri Prasetyorini 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5426

ABSTRACT: Hazardous materials that need to be watched out for are exposure to lead (Pb) in solder wire from the used battery recycling industry. Pb can cause health problems for workers and the community around the high risk industry. Exposure occurs through inhalation, ingestion or skin because Pb is a multi-media pollutant. Abnormal levels of Pb in the blood have a risk of 1,783 times, can reach toxic levels and cause disturbances in the soft tissues of the liver, characterized by increased levels of SGOT and SGPT in the blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood lead levels and SGOT & SGPT levels in residents around the used battery recycling industry. The number of research samples as many as 40 respondents through the analytical method of observational cross-sectional design approach. Sampling was done by non-probability sampling with purposed sampling technique. The results showed that Pb levels reached 695.90 ug/L exceeds the value of the biological exposure index (IPB). There is a relationship between blood lead levels and blood SGOT& SGPT levels (p = 0.003) and (p = 0.000) with a strong positive relationship (r = 0.460)and (r = 0.526). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between blood lead levels and SGOT & SGPT levels in residents around the used battery recycling industry and the greater the blood Pb level, the higher the SGOT & SGPT levels.

Keyword: Blood Lead Levels, SGOT & SGPT Levels

Yacouba Maiga 1*, Hady Diallo 3, Ousmane Coulibaly 1 , Boubacar Kola Toure 1, , Sekou Sako 1, Hamidou Kodio 4, Ibrahima Yattara 1, Mohamed Maiga 1, Cheikh Diop 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5427

ABSTRACT: The rapid growth of the population of Bamako inducing an increase in car traffic and of motorcycles in the agglomeration has led to a significant increase in air pollution. For diagnose this phenomenon, an inventory of this atmospheric pollution with measurements of the quality of ambient air at a number of points, as well as traffic counts were made. This study aims to objective of characterizing the different sources of emissions in order to model the health impact of air quality ambient for the different scenarios. Its purpose is to propose an action plan to limit emissions to from the simulation of the evolution of emissions and ambient air quality by 2015 and 2020 with and without an action plan. The results of the two air quality measurement campaigns show levels of concentration lower or substantially equal between those of July 2019 than those of the 2009 data. PM10 concentration recorded indicates a zone of significant overrun compared to the guide values of concentrations set by the WHO. Analysis of the evaluation of emissions and their health impact over the horizons 2015 and 2020 shows that volatile organic compound and dust pollution will become unacceptable if nothing is done. The number of benzene-related cancers will increase to 686 cases and the increase in mortality due to dust at an average proportion of 38.7%. Proposals have been made on improving the living environment, fuel quality and vehicle fleet.

Keyword: Atmospheric emissions, pollution, health impact, Mali.

Enteisar Albrasia *,. Fathia Mohhammed Essa Albrasib

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5428

ABSTRACT: The sun's light is an unewable, renewable source of energy that is unaffected by environmental factors like noise and pollution. It is easily obtainable from the Earth's petroleum resources, natural gas, and other nonrenewable energy sources like coal. There were several stages of evolution in the composition of solar cells from one generation to the next. The silicon used in the early solar cells was largely produced as single crystals on silicon chips. Furthermore, advances in thin films the dye and organic solar cells improved the cell's efficiency. The inability to choose the best solar cell for a particular place is essentially what prevents advancement

Keyword: Solar cells technology, solar energy, Types of solar cells, Photovoltaic technology (PV);

Olapade-Ogunwole, Folayimi*, Akanbi Oluwafemi Nathaniel**, Okunola Olufemi Solomon***

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5429

ABSTRACT: Women farmers in Nigeria particularly in rural areas have always worked and their labour contributes a key role in the survival of millions of Nigeria families. Most rural women in Nigeria are the invisible farmers and they form the backbone of rural development, however more than half of Nigeria's food is produced by female farmers. These studies analyze the profitability and efficiency of tomato production among female farmers in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State. The study specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, determines the technical efficiency and factors affecting technical efficiency and lastly estimated the profitability of tomato production in the study area. The study revealed that the female tomato farmers were adult and active, most of the farmers were literate, majority had 5 household sizes and less and most of the female tomato farmers had little experience in tomato production. The study also revealed that farm size, capital and labour were the factors that significantly affected tomato production of the respondents while the variables representing household size and number years spent in school affected the Inefficiency of farmers in the study area. The mean technical efficiency was found to be 0.97 (or 97%) which implied that, on the average, the farmers were 97% technically efficient; hence their observed output was about 3% less than the maximum frontier output. Furthermore, the total variable cost, total fixed cost and the total cost were found to be ₦61,680.00, ₦32.488.89 and ₦94,168.89 respectively. Also the total revenue, gross margin and profit were found to be ₦253,522.20, ₦191,842.20 and ₦159,353.31 respectively. This indicates that tomato production is profitable in the study area.

Keyword: Technical Efficiency; Stochastic Frontier Model; Gross Margin Analysis and Female Tomato Farmers.

Edgar M. Anud, Jr.1, Sovalma Florette L. Bonilla 2, and Amor C. Corbita 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5430

ABSTRACT: This study intended to assess the water quality of a River in terms of the abiotic factors and bacterial analysis. Sampling stations were established through transect sampling. The abiotic factors or the physico-chemical parameters recorded from the river were found to be very supportive for the total well-being of the water and the aquatic organisms alike: water velocity (0.36 m/s) is smooth and temperature (23.18 oC) is on average that make both parameters "essential" to support the life cycle of organisms known to indicate a good water quality; pH level (7.14) is average/"satisfactory" for a fresh water; and turbidity (17.95 NTU) is rated as excellent. The bacterial analysis indicated that the water of Dahilayan River, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon, Phils. contains bacteria that make the water not potable. It is then concluded that the Dahilayan River is still in good condition as it projects onstandard-levels of abiotic factors or the physico-chemical parameters, however the streams' bacterial content makes the water not potable.

Keyword: water quality, abiotic factors and bacterial analysis

Peter Letadi Mphai, Zeleke Worku and Mammo Muchie

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5431

ABSTRACT: A key operational and strategic priority of the City of Tshwane is to ensure satisfactory compliance with occupational health and safety guidelines in business enterprises that are formally registered as well as businesses that operate informally without being formally registered. Formal registration enables businesses to benefit from assistance programmes that are meant for small, micro and medium-sized business enterprises. A report published by the Statistics South Africa (2021) shows that 55.6% of South African businesses are formally registered. A study conducted by Mphai (2022) shows that the main shortcomings in terms of ensuring satisfactory compliance are poor awareness and inability to enforce applicable guidelines and municipal bylaws in business enterprises. As part of the survey, quantitative information was collected from 406 businesses in and around the City of Tshwane. The level of compliance with occupational health and safety guidelines was measured by using a set of 24 standard indicators of compliance with occupational health and safety that are used by the WHO and ILO. The level of compliance in businesses that were chosen for the survey was 53%. By WHO and ILO standards, this level of compliance is inadequate. Recommendations are made with a view to improve the current level of compliance.

Keyword: Satisfactory compliance with occupational health and safety guidelines, Indicators of compliance, Business enterprises, Multivariate analysis

Myina, O. M.*; Abdullahi, A. A.and Ogundiran, O. A

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5432

ABSTRACT: The pharmaceutical and wellness industries have recourse to nature for guidance, inspiration and as a source of novel compounds to produce new consumer products.Seed oils provide renewable sources of high-value fatty acids forthese industries. This work was carried out to establish the oil content ofAzanzagarckeana (A. garckeana) seeds (from Tula village, KaltungoLocal Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria) and the composition of the oil. Soxhlet extraction of A. garckeana seed oil (AGSO) was carried out at 75oC for 3 h using petroleum ether (60-80 oC) and 42.2 % oil yield was obtained. Thus, A. garckeana seed is a renewable source of seed oil comparable to palm kernel. The AGSO was analyzed for moisture/volatiles (4.0 %), specific gravity (0.926 at 25 oC), refractive index (1.4694 at 25 oC), saponification value (189.0 mg/g), iodine value (80.0 mg I2/g), peroxide value (5.6 meq/kg), acid value (0.56 mg/g) and free fatty acid (0.28 mg/g) using classical standard (AOCS) methods. GC-MS analysis of theAGSO revealed its major fatty acids as: linoleic acid (30.0 %), palmitic acid (13.0 %), oleic acid (2.5 %), stearic acid (1.0 %), sterculic acid (0.25 %) and myristic acid (0.19 %). Other major components of the AGSO are n-hexane (43.6 %) and 5-bromo-2,4-bis(methylthio)-pyrimidine (7.8 %). By these results, AGSO is a nondrying oil with omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) dominating its fatty acid profile. This suggests that AGSO has the potential to lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), reduce total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as correct insulin sensitivity and blood pressure if used as a dietary replacement for saturated fatty acids. AGSO also presents as a veritable renewable source for n-hexane and a potentially bioactivepyrimidine derivative. Thus, AGSO has the potential of a natural source for nutraceuticals and vital daily supplements or therapeutic remedy in nutrition and/or healthcare.

Keyword: Azanza garckeana, seed oil, omega-6, polyunsaturated, fatty acids, nondrying oil

DJOMO AGRE SERAPHIN 1; KOUASSI KOUAME ALFRED 2; THIEBLESSON LYDIE MARCELLE 3; KOUAKOU CONAND HONORE 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5433

ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the lateritic gravels of N'DOUCI whose physical properties do not meet the specifications for their use as a road base. Thus, for its use in road construction, a partial substitution of cement by granite powder has been made. Several tests (particle size analysis, chemical analysis, CBR and proctor tests, Atterberg limits, etc.) were carried out to verify the geotechnical and mechanical characteristics of the new material. This study showed that the addition of granite powder in place of cement improved the material properties, i.e. optimum dry density, CBR. The results show that the optimum dry density is 1.95% with a moisture content of 12%. Overall, the results obtained are satisfactory and show that a quantity of 2% cement for 6% granite powder is required for a base course material in road construction. However, it would be useful to use the proportions of 4% cement to 4% granite powder.

Keyword: lateritic gravel, substitution, granite powder, material.

Bernadetha Nadeak 1, Reno Wikandaru2, Shely Cathrin3, Citra Puspa Juwita 4*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5434

ABSTRACT: This study aims to find and describe the mastery of elementary school teachers in Yogyakarta on the principles of implementing education in the Society 5.0 era. To obtain these results, this study used a qualitative approach. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, and literature study. The subjects in this study were elementary school teachers in Yogyakarta with sampling using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that elementary school teachers in Yogyakarta, SD Islam Al Azhar 31 Yogyakarta, SD Kanisius Wirobrajan 1 Yogyakarta, and SDIT Lukman Al Hakim Yogyakarta had mastered the ten principles of implementing education in the Society 5.0 era.

Keyword: Education; Elementary school; Mastered; Society 5.0; Teacher; Yogyakarta

1 Daniel Shifare Weldeyohannes, 2 Dr. Sabas Kimani, 3 Rev. Dr. John Muhenda

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5435

ABSTRACT: In the philosophical arena, freedom has been tackled beginning from the ancient period. It has been tackled by political philosophers like Thomas Hobbes, John Lock, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and John Swart Mill. They dealt with it from a political perspective as having political ends and means. In the contemporary world, freedom is seen not only from a political view but also from a philosophical and conceptual understanding as fundamental to politics as well. This article through descriptive and analytical methods shows the relevance of Sartrean freedom to society. It shows the ontological understanding of freedom as a principle for practical freedom. Ontological freedom was seen as basic for ontic (material) freedom and so for social freedom as well. However, Sartre’s understanding of concrete liberalism was not enough for social freedom. Therefore, the article concludes that there should be trans-socio-political freedom.

Keyword: freedom, ontological, ontic, social freedom, Trans-socio-political freedom

Motasim Hyder Abdelwahab

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5436

ABSTRACT: Wind erosion and salt–affected soils are predominant desertification processes in Sudan, particularly in the northern part, and have adverse impacts on agricultural lands in the arid and semi-arid lands characterized by erratic rainfall, high temperature, high wind velocity and consequent high rates of evapotranspiration. The main objective of this paper is to present research review on combating, control, reclamation and management practices in areas affected by wind erosion and salt - affected soils. The study showed that the principal measures for controlling wind erosion depends on minimizing certain conditions that can be accelerated wind erosivity (winds ≥ 5.4 m/sec) and vice versa maximizing soil erodibility by creation a suitable condition for generate of non–erodible soil particles (NEP) versus soil surface detachment and transport by wind. Wind erosion research requires high financial support, thus this cost should be borne by government. The strategy of management practices of saltaffected soils aimed to sustain a level of salinity tolerable to the cultivated crops through good manages to water and crop. Assessment and mapping of wind erosion and salt - affected soils is urgent need to determine the inherent risk in the affected areas included in investment map of agricultural land capabilities of the country. Encourage studies on stabilizing soil particles by various natural or synthetic cementing and flocculation materials which are friendly to soil environment to increase NEP on the soil surface. Practical programs on reclamation of salt–affected soils should be included in national development programs and national strategy for scientific research in the State.

Keyword: Wind erosion, salt– affected soils, combating, reclamation, wind erosivity, soil erodibility and nonerodible soil particles (NEP).

Ignitious Moraba and Zeleke Worku

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5437

ABSTRACT: Data was gathered from 62 traditional retail businesses at Tembisa Township by using a questionnaire to assess and evaluate the extent to which traditional retail businesses are affected by large scale shopping malls. A review of the literature shows that traditional retail businesses used to supply goods, products and services to people who live and work at Tembisa Township before the mid-1990s. Since then, large retailers and shopping malls have opened up shops at Tembisa Township, thereby competing against traditional small scale retail businesses. A significant market share has since been lost to large retailers and shopping malls by traditional small retailers and businesses. The results showed that some of the traditional retail businesses had managed to survive by using innovative marketing and networking techniques. The key attributes of resilient businesses were keeping very close working relationships with their historical customers, comparing selling prices on a daily basis, actively encouraging customers to keep supporting their businesses, opening up their shops earlier than 9:00 AM each day, staying very late in the evening at work, working extended hours, the use of social media platforms, selling on credit and ordering merchandise in bulk and on credit.

Keyword: Tembisa, Traditional retail businesses, Shopping Malls, Competition

*1 Whyte Asukwo Akpan, 2 Usunguruag Enefiok Okon., 3 E.J. Awaka-Ama

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5438

ABSTRACT: Sound proof generating sets are normally associated with higher power output and it is costly. This is not commonly found in small generating sets as there are often acquired by low income earners and yet they desire the some comfort. This research focuses on the development of a new composite muffler for small generating sets. The design combined the principles of reactive and active noise reduction approach. The newly designed muffler was compared with an existing design and its performance evaluated. Performance tests show an improvement in terms of insertion loss and transmission loss and a reduction in back pressure build-up in the generating set. The average overall efficiency of the existing muffler is 43.28% whereas that of the newly designed composite muffler is 55.83%.The designed composite muffler provides the gasoline generating set with an additional noise reduction (attenuation) of 17.33 dB, reduced back pressure build-up of 3.6 kPa and improvement of 12.09% overall engine efficiency.

Keyword: Gasoline, generating sets, Muffler, noise, small.

M. R. B. Alencar, W. L. A. Neves and B. A. Souza

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5439

ABSTRACT: The installed capacity generation and the load distribution effects on the optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic generators in the distribution network are analyzed in this article. A genetic algorithm estimates the optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic generators. The calculation of the feeder annual energy losses, which are the objective function of the optimization problem, is performed by the backward/forward method. The complete feeder's annual active load duration curve is segmented into three levels. It is assumed that the load curves in all buses are identical to the feeder and the irradiance and ambient temperature are invariant to the average value for each load level. The analysis is based on scenarios created for a 69-bus test system.

Keyword: Photovoltaic generation, optimum siting, genetic algorithm, distribution network, distributed generation

Mkateko Maluleke, Mammo Muchie and Zeleke Worku

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5440

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted at Malamulele Central and Malamulele-West educational districts of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province. Data was gathered from 4 schools. Three of the 4 schools were public schools, whereas 1 of the schools was a private school. All 4 schools fall under the same circuit. The study was conducted in order to assess and evaluate the quality of leadership provided by the School Governing Bodies (SGBs) in the 4 schools. The 4 schools were Jim Yingwane High School (Public school), Mahlefunye Primary School (Public school), EPP Mhinga High School (Public school), and Holy Rosary Catholic School (Private or independent school). The total number of students in the 4 schools was 2, 500. Data was collected on a total of 49 variables of the study by using a questionnaire. All 4 schools were under the Malamulele Central and Malamulele-West educational districts of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province. From among the 4 schools, 3 are public schools, whereas 1 is a private schools. All 4 schools fall under the same circuit. Data was collected from 27 members of SGBs and 58 teachers and 20 circuit officials (105 participants of study). Data was collected from 105 eligible participants by using a self-administered questionnaire of study. The quantitative aspect of study entailed collecting data from n=105 respondents. Frequency tables, percentages, pie charts and bar charts were used for summarising results. The results showed that 69 of the 105 respondents (66%) of the 105 respondents were happy with the quality of academic leadership in SGBs. The remaining 36 of the 105 respondents (34%) were not happy with the quality of academic leadership in SGBs.

Keyword: Vhembe District, Quality of teaching and learning, School Governing Bodies

Talabi, A. O., Awoleke, S. O., Akinola., O. O., and Afolagboye, L. O.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5441

ABSTRACT: This study investigates and reports petrographic characteristics, geochemical features and the processes of formation of rocks in Ikogosi, southwestern Nigeria. Eighteen (18) rock samples (six quartzite, six migmatite gneiss and six schists) were collected and subjected to optical study. Ten (10) representative samples (six quartzite, three schist and one migmatite gneiss) were evaluated for major elements composition using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF). Petrographic evaluation revealed quartz, feldspar, muscovite, biotite, hornblende, pyroxene and opaque are dominant mineral constituents in quartzite and schist while migmatite gneiss contains the same set of minerals but without opaque constituents. Quartz forms a dominant constituent in quartzite and migmatite gneiss but as subordinate mineral in the schist. The feldspars are mainly plagioclase with albite twinning, associated microcline has characteristic crosshatched twinning. Chemical investigation reveals the rock units are generally siliceous. Three oxides (SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3) constitute 85–90% of the bulk chemical composition of the rocks. SiO2 constituent as applied in rock classification indicates the quartzite is unequivocally felsic, migmatite is intermediate while the schist is mafic to ultramafic. K2O versus SiO2 variation plot revealed that the quartzite and schist are tholeiitic while the migmatite gneiss is shoshonitic. TiO2 versus SiO2 variation diagram depicts igneous antecedent.

Keyword: Ikogosi, petrographic, twinning, schist, shoshonitic, igneous antecedent

Nthabiseng Annah Molobela Kgasi, Zeleke Worku and Mammo Muchie

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5442

ABSTRACT: Braamfontein is one of the suburbs of Johannesburg which is known for a wide variety of vibrant retail business activities such as restaurants, cafeterias, spaza shops, newspaper shops, clothing, textile, footwear, hair dresser’s shops, tour operators, bus and taxi ranks, hotels and entertainment centres. Braamfontein has retailers from all over the world. A survey was conducted by gathering retail trade data from 586 entrepreneurs in Braamfontein working in footwear and textile retail businesses to determine predictors of profitability. The study found that 406 of the 586 SMMEs in the study (69.28%) were profitable, whereas the remaining 180 of the 586 SMMEs in the study (30.72%) were not profitable. Results obtained from factor analysis and ordered logit regression analysis showed that profitability was significantly influenced by 3 variables of the study. These 3 predictor variables of study were the level of satisfaction of employees with the style of business leadership in the business, use of social media for networking and marketing merchandise to customers, and the ability to check the quality of services rendered to customers by employees of the business.

Keyword: Braamfontein, Retail businesses, Profitability, Factor analysis

ALABI, T. G

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5443

ABSTRACT: In this project, finite abelian groups with some theoretical and algebraic structures are considered. The order of each group is factorized completely with factor of higher multiplicity where necessary. This unique factorization will allow for a way of building new groups and understanding a given group better. Essentially, it provides a way of relating the given group to the direct products of some of its subgroups. Finally, it also reveals how a group of a finite order is isomorphically related to one of the direct products satisfying certain relatively prime condition. Illustrative examples are considered with a demonstration of the applicability of the project

Keyword: Abelian Group, Direct Product, Finite group, Isomorphism, Abstract Algebra, Group theory, Creating Abelian Group, Abelian Group Formation, Abelian Group structure, Finite Abelian Group

Irunkwor, T. C 1, Abanjo, N 2 and Ogboi, K. C 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5444

ABSTRACT: The natural radioactivity and radiological hazard indices associated with the consumption of cassava crops grown in five communities with history of oil spillage, gas flaring, oil bunkering activities and operation of illegal artisanal oil refining in Rivers State was assessed and measured with gamma ray spectroscopy. Five samples of cassava crop and five samples of soil were collected from the five communities. The results obtained were used to evaluate the soil-to-cassava transfer factor (TF) due to ingestion of cassava crops/staple foods by inhabitants in the area. The mean activity of soil samples ranged from 17.77±4.20Bq/kg to 31.84±3.20Bq/kg for 238U, 22.75±3.30Bq/kg to 33.82±4.70Bq/kg for 232Th and 110.44±9.60Bq/kg to 483.15±18.20Bq/kg for 40K, and is within permissible standard, but is higher than the mean activity in the control. The mean activity of cassava samples ranged from 6.50±1.30Bq/kg to 29.70±6.20Bq/kg for 238U, 5.80±2.20Bq/kg to 16.50±6.80Bq/kg for 232Th and 383.20±28.10Bq/kg to 482.30±35.80Bq/kg for 40K and is found higher than those of the control samples, and the international permissible limits. The study revealed that although some of the radiological hazard indices in the cassava samples were below the allowable standards, the estimated committed annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of cassava crops/staple foods is respectively over 2.9 times and 5.9 times higher than the international permissible limit of 0.29mSv/y. The rate of radionuclides transferred from soilto-cassava has mean TF of 232Th < 238U <40K. It is therefore recommended that a community based awareness programme on the issue of environmental contamination from extraneous activities, its health impacts due to consumption of cassava crops/staple foods in the area and possible prevention be organized by the various government agencies involved in environmental protection.

Keyword: Artisanal oil Refining, Committed Annual Effective Dose, Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk, Oil Bunkering, Radionuclides, Transfer Facto

Irunkwor, T. C 1, Omoruyi, C. I 2 and Ogboi, K. C 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5445

ABSTRACT: The natural radioactivity and radiological health risk associated with the use of water from hand-dug wells, tap/boreholes and river/creeks in three communities with history of oil spillage, gas flaring, oil bunkering and operation of illegal artisanal oil refining activities in Rivers State, Nigeria was here assessed and measured with gamma ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the mean activity concentration of water samples for hand-dug well water ranged from 11.94±1.12 to 12.77± 1.12Bq/l for 238U, 7.88±1.05 to 9.20±1.82Bq/l for 232Th and 13.50±0.62 to 20.13±3.88Bq/l for 40K. The mean activity concentration for the tap/borehole water ranged from 2.42±0.45Bq/l to 5.31±0.80Bq/l for 238U, 1.02±1.01 to 2.24±0.90Bq/l for 232Th and 9.71±5.04 to 11.73±3.77Bq/l for 40K. The 238U, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations in the river/creek waters ranged respectively from 6.81±0.80 to 8.82±1.20Bq/l, 4.25±0.65 to 9.52±1.16Bq/l and 25.01±3.23 to 30.03±1.96Bq/l. These values are higher than the mean activity concentrations of the 3 radionuclides in the control samples and some are higher than the international permissible standards. Results further revealed that there was statistically significant difference at p<0.05 in the mean variations of the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the water supply sources within the three communities and the control. The committed annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risks are radiologically higher than the permissible limits. Therefore, children and adults in the three communities are susceptible to high dose related diseases and have high chances of contracting cancer when water is ingested from the three water supply sources since the committed annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk are respectively over 1.16 times and 8 times higher than the UNSCEAR and USEPA international permissible limits of 0.29mSv/y and 1x10-4 mSv/y.

Keyword: Artisanal oil Refining, Committed Annual Effective Dose, Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk, Oil Bunkering, Radionuclides, Transfer Facto

Monica Henny Sudaryati

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5446

ABSTRACT: Basic Training for Civil Servant Candidates is held to develop competencies that are carried out in an integrated manner. Procurement of Candidates for Civil Servants at the Ministry of Religion to obtain State Civil Apparatus who have personal characteristics as public service providers, with skills, expertise, and behavior in accordance with the demands of the position for the advancement of the institution. The digital era has brought about changes in prospective Civil Servants to become State Civil Apparatuses that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) This research was conducted at the Jakarta Religious Education and Training Center. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of Civil Servant Candidates who become public servants to move faster and rise stronger in the digital era towards a State Civil Apparatus that is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, And Time-Bound. This research method is a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results indicate that prospective civil servants already have positions in accordance with the required qualifications and have moved faster in line with the mastery of technology they already have and the speed with which they capture information in the digital era. Increasing self-competence has implications for public servants to build and develop professionalism and SMART of State Civil Apparatus.

Keyword: public service, move faster, rise stronger, digital era, Specific State Civil Apparatus, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, And Time-Bound

Nkongolo Mulambuila Michel

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5447

ABSTRACT: The man must eat to live, from his food, he must find the necessary nutrients to satisfy the needs of his body which must grow and develop its immunities so that it stays alive. For this purpose, no type of food can be neglected. Vegetables and fruits, which have only played a secondary role in the human diet, the health situation in the world puts them at the forefront of planetary news and demonstrates all their nutritional importance.

Keyword: vegetables, fruits, growth, immunities, living organisms

Nkongolo Mulambwila Michel

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5448

ABSTRACT: It has been clearly established that organic matter provides crops with not only nutrients, although in a lower proportion compared to mineral fertilizers, it releases them slowly and gradually. In addition, it also improves the other characteristics of the soil and thus further conditions the fertility of the soil. Consequently, the study of organic manure should not only be limited to the analysis of its effects on the development and yield of crops, it should also extend to the examination of its impact on the maintenance or increasing soil fertility.

Keyword: Residual effects, bat-guano, Tithonia diversifolia, corn cultivation, Ngandajika